The first standardized pedagogical test was constructed by the American psychologist E. In the early 20th century differences between psychological and pedagogical testing began to be distinguished. Stern introduced the concept of the intelligence quotient in 1911. Binet: his series of tests in 1891 included tasks that tested memory, types of representation, attention, and aesthetic and ethical feelings. The principles of testing research were applied to man’s higher mental functions by the French psychologist A. He proposed a series of 50 tests, which were in effect a program to determine simple psychophysiological characteristics on the basis of the most advanced psychological experiments of that time-for example, measurement of the strength of the right and left hands by means of a dynamometer and measurement of the speed of reactions to sound. The term “test” was first employed by the American psychologist J. Galton worked out the theoretical foundations of testing-namely, the use of a series of identical trials with a large number of individuals, the statistical processing of the results, and the provision of standards of evaluation. Fischer in Great Britain to verify what students had learned. (1) In psychology and pedagogy, a standardized set of tasks to be completed, the results of which can be used as a measure of the subject’s psychophysiological and personality characteristics as well as of his knowledge, intelligence, and skills.
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